Warning to distorters; The Persian Gulf is the red line of Iran's identity

According to Mehr correspondent, Samiullah Kazemi, a lawyer and lawyer, wrote in a note: In recent weeks, the conspiracy of attacking Iran and distorting the Persian Gulf's firm name has been revealed by the United States and some of the Persian Gulf states, which we have given such historical and legal pillars.

The Persian Gulf from the east via the Strait of Hormuz and the Oman Sea to the Indian Ocean and the Arab Sea, and on the west to the Delta of the Arvandrud River, which is the result of the transplantation of the two Tigris and Euphrates rivers and the Karun River.

The Persian Gulf after the Gulf of Mexico and the Gulf Hudson It is the third largest bay in the world. The origin of the Persian Gulf dates back to ancient history and has been identified both in ancient historical and geographical texts, and in ancient travelogues and maps. In the following we will discuss historical analysis and then legal.

First- the Achaemenid period- 1 to 2 BC

During this period, the Iranian Empire became one of the largest world powers, and the waterway in the south of Iran, the “Pars Sea” or Sinus Persicus (its Latin name), was registered in Greek and Roman sources and was used for commercial and military purposes.

Second- Greek and Roman sources

Herodotus In the fifth century BC: The first Greek historian to refer to the “Pars Sea”.

Ptolemy of the second century AD in his famous book “Al -Jagrafia“This waterway is called Sinus Persicus.

StraboThe Roman geographer also uses the Persian Plagos (Persian Sea).

Third- Islamic sources

In the works of Muslim geographers explicitly from the name of the Persian Gulf (Al -Khalij Farsi) The mentioned; There can be Ibn Honor (Fourth century AH), sacred (fourth century AH) and sapphire Hammu (7th Century AH) mentioned that, together, all of the phrase “Fars” or “Al -Khalij FarsiThey have mentioned.

In this regard the sapphire Hammu In Mujam al -Baladan He writes: Bahri It is between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula, which has long been known. “

Fourth- in European sources

From the Middle Ages to the twentieth century, the phrase “Persian Gulf” or equivalent to French, Italian, Portuguese, Dutch, English and Turkish has been used in most European maps and even Ottoman maps.

According to what has been stated, the history of the Persian Gulf has a solid historical roots.

Fifth- In the UN documents

In the UN official documents, the only valid and approved name is the Persian Gulf, which I will mention below:

Official Letter of the United Nations Secretariat (Unad/1989/7, Date: August 1):
“Using any other name instead of Persian Gulf in UN official documents is contrary to the regulations of the organization.”

Note 1/4 of the UN Secretariat (dated 1 March 1):
“The Persian Gulf is the standard geographical term used by the United Nations. “Any attempt to use another name is unacceptable.”

UN Nomination Conferences (UNGEGN):
At the UN geographical name standardization conferences, the Persian Gulf name has been repeatedly emphasized. In the ninth session of Umbalg in Geneva (1), any use of alternative words such as Arabian Gulf was rejected.

UNESCO (UNESCO):
UNESCO recognizes the name of the Persian Gulf in the list of registered spiritual cultural heritage of Iran and uses it in its official documents.

Sixth- Position of Geographical Maps and Resources

More than 90 % of the world's prestigious historical maps from Europe to East Asia have used the word Persian Gulf.

Seventh-Documentary Archives

Maps in the British, France, Netherlands Library

Maps in the National Museum of Iran and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs

According to what has been cited in international documents as well as the UN documents, the name of the Persian Gulf has been indispensable.

Eighth-Geneva Conventions on Sea Law (UNCLOS)

These conventions, while identifying international waterways, recognize the right of any country for the formal or historical renaming of transnational areas. The Persian Gulf is an international waterway and cannot be changed unilaterally.

Ninth- The principle of non-interference in the cultural and historical dignity of countries

Based on the fundamental principles of international law, including the principle of respect for the territorial and cultural integrity of countries, the historical names associated with the identity of a nation or region are part of their spiritual and civilized heritage; And renamed their names without international consensus or the consent of the stakeholder states lack legal legitimacy.

To this part of the note, we have been identified as the historical and inter -al -Documentary documentation of the Pars Gulf's name, and we will continue to address legal counteracts against any distortion by other countries, including the United States or other States, in distorting and renamed the Persian Gulf.

First- formal diplomatic action

Iran can submit a formal protest note to the US government or its representation in the third country or the United Nations through the State Department and call for reform of the use of fake titles in correspondence or websites; The protest will cite the unauthorized and illegal process of distorting the official geographical name. In recent years, Iran has repeatedly submitted notes to international organizations such as National National Geographic (1) or map printing institutions in Europe and the US has protested the use of fake names and has in some cases succeeded in reforming maps. This step is the first step in applying international pressure.

Second- Refer to the United Nations (UN)

According to UN official documents, the only name accepted in the United Nations for this waterway is Persian Gulf; Therefore, Iran can complain to the UN Secretariat and the UN Geographical Names Standardization Committee (UNGN) and submit distorted documentation.

Third- Refer to UNESCO (UNESCO)

Because the Persian Gulf is part of Iran's cultural and identity heritage, Iran can document the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Convention. And the Convention ۱۳۹۷ Conservation of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage Site complains to UNESCO about the distortion of the cultural name, especially if this distortion occurs in formal educational, media or cultural texts.

Fourth- Sending a protest to the International Court of Justice (ICJ)

The Court shall be processed if there is a legal dispute between governments, and the parties have accepted the jurisdiction of the court.

(The United States has not accepted the mandatory jurisdiction of the court), so Iran's unilateral complaint will not be able to handle it, but if the other countries are accepted by other countries, the Court may be investigated (assuming other countries supporting this distortion).

However, if the United States continues to use fake names in government official documents, Iran may first pursue the matter at the UN General Assembly and then refer to the Court in the form of Advisory Opinion on the legitimacy of historical geographical names. (Provided that the majority of the General Assembly or the UN Security Council consider it important.)

This documentary action will be drafted under Article 2 of the Statute of the ICJ and Resolution 2 of the General Assembly (the principle of respect for cultural sovereignty), although this vote is not binding, but it has very high ethical and customary power and is effective in the behavior of governments.

Five- Judicial Action in International Courts (such as ITLOS or WTO)

These routes can only cause commercial, promotional or violating commercial standards if the name of the Persian Gulf is distorted; For example, inserting a fake name in export products, trading maps, or airline content, in such a case, Iran can file a complaint from routes such as the World Intellectual Property Organization (limited and indirectly conceived).

Sixth- Subject to the UN General Assembly (UNGA)

If the use of a fake name is constantly carried out by a government, Iran may call for a proposed resolution in the sixth (legal) committee of the General Assembly with the support of other countries and request a statement issuing a statement from the Chairman of the General Assembly or the International Law Committee, which may be based on the use of the principle of respect.

Seventh- Media, Cultural and International Public Action

The most important and most effective tool in this field is public diplomacy; In this regard, you can work with international universities, UNESCO and international media to publish historical maps and documents in the context of identifying the Persian Gulf name.

The use of international conference capacities and digital cultural campaigns can also be effective in dealing with the distortion of the Persian Gulf.

In the end, it is hoped that the government and the diplomacy on the one hand and the compatriots and the creation of international or in -person or virtual campaigns will seriously counter this spiritual invasion to maintain the spiritual and material boundaries of Iranian land and to strengthen the Persian Gulf name. Forgive.